Genital/urinary tumors include bladder cancer and ovarian cancer. These cancers are discussed below.

Bladder cancer is extremely rare in children. The most common carcinoma to involve the bladder is transitional cell carcinoma, which generally presents with blood in the urine. The diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer are the same for children, adolescents, and adults. Adolescents who develop this tumor are often prone to the development of other cancers. Bladder cancer in adolescents may develop as a late effect of certain chemotherapy drugs given for other childhood tumors or leukemia.

Most ovarian tumors in children are benign (noncancerous). The most common cancers that affect the ovaries are of germ cell origin (beginning in cells that give rise to sperm or eggs); these are more common in children than in adults. Common symptoms of ovarian cancer include painful periods and pain in the abdomen. Treatment is stage related and may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Cancer of the cervix and vagina is very rare in children and adolescents. Most young patients diagnosed with cancer of the cervix or vagina were exposed to a drug called diethylstilbestrol (DES) before birth when it was given to their mothers. DES was given to pregnant women between 1945 and 1970 to keep them from losing their babies (miscarriage). The most common symptom of cancer of the cervix or vagina is vaginal bleeding. Treatment includes surgery followed by radiation and possibly chemotherapy