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Tests are used to screen for different
types of cancer.
Some screening tests are used because they have been shown to be
helpful both in finding cancers early and in decreasing the chance
of dying from these cancers. Other tests are used because they have
been shown to find cancer in some people; however, it has not been
proven in clinical trials that use of these tests will decrease the
risk of dying from cancer.
Scientists study screening tests to find those with the fewest risks
and most benefits. Cancer screening trials also are meant to show
whether early detection (finding cancer before it causes symptoms)
decreases a person's chance of dying from the disease. For some
types of cancer, finding and treating the disease at an early stage
may result in a better chance of recovery.
There is no standard screening test for
bladder cancer.
Information about ongoing clinical trials, including ones for the
treatment of bladder cancer, is available from the NCI Web site.
Two tests may be used to screen for bladder
cancer in patients who have had bladder cancer in the past:
Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy is a procedure to look inside the bladder and urethra to
check for abnormal areas. A cystoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is
inserted through the urethra into the bladder. Tissue samples may be
taken for biopsy.
Urine cytology
Urine cytology is the examination of urine under a microscope to
check for abnormal cells.
Hematuria tests may also be used to screen
for bladder cancer.
Hematuria (red blood cells in the urine) may be caused by cancer or
by other conditions. A hematuria test is used to check for blood in
a sample of urine by viewing it under a microscope or using a
special test strip. The test may be repeated over time.
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